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btree_multiset.hpp
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1 /*******************************************************************************
2  * tlx/container/btree_multiset.hpp
3  *
4  * Part of tlx - http://panthema.net/tlx
5  *
6  * Copyright (C) 2008-2017 Timo Bingmann <[email protected]>
7  *
8  * All rights reserved. Published under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
9  ******************************************************************************/
10 
11 #ifndef TLX_CONTAINER_BTREE_MULTISET_HEADER
12 #define TLX_CONTAINER_BTREE_MULTISET_HEADER
13 
14 #include <functional>
15 #include <memory>
16 #include <utility>
17 
18 #include <tlx/container/btree.hpp>
19 
20 namespace tlx {
21 
22 //! \addtogroup tlx_container_btree
23 //! \{
24 
25 /*!
26  * Specialized B+ tree template class implementing STL's multiset container.
27  *
28  * Implements the STL multiset using a B+ tree. It can be used as a drop-in
29  * replacement for std::multiset. Not all asymptotic time requirements are met
30  * in theory. The class has a traits class defining B+ tree properties like
31  * slots and self-verification. Furthermore an allocator can be specified for
32  * tree nodes.
33  *
34  * It is somewhat inefficient to implement a multiset using a B+ tree, a plain B
35  * tree would hold fewer copies of the keys.
36  */
37 template <typename Key_,
38  typename Compare_ = std::less<Key_>,
39  typename Traits_ = btree_default_traits<Key_, Key_>,
40  typename Alloc_ = std::allocator<Key_> >
42 {
43 public:
44  //! \name Template Parameter Types
45  //! \{
46 
47  //! First template parameter: The key type of the btree. This is stored in
48  //! inner nodes and leaves.
49  typedef Key_ key_type;
50 
51  //! Second template parameter: Key comparison function object
52  typedef Compare_ key_compare;
53 
54  //! Third template parameter: Traits object used to define more parameters
55  //! of the B+ tree
56  typedef Traits_ traits;
57 
58  //! Fourth template parameter: STL allocator
59  typedef Alloc_ allocator_type;
60 
61  //! \}
62 
63  // The macro TLX_BTREE_FRIENDS can be used by outside class to access the B+
64  // tree internals. This was added for wxBTreeDemo to be able to draw the
65  // tree.
67 
68 public:
69  //! \name Constructed Types
70  //! \{
71 
72  //! Construct the set value_type: the key_type.
73  typedef key_type value_type;
74 
75  //! Typedef of our own type
77 
78  //! Key Extractor Struct
79  struct key_of_value {
80  //! pull first out of pair
81  static const key_type& get(const value_type& v) { return v; }
82  };
83 
84  //! Implementation type of the btree_base
86  traits, true, allocator_type> btree_impl;
87 
88  //! Function class comparing two value_type keys.
89  typedef typename btree_impl::value_compare value_compare;
90 
91  //! Size type used to count keys
92  typedef typename btree_impl::size_type size_type;
93 
94  //! Small structure containing statistics about the tree
95  typedef typename btree_impl::tree_stats tree_stats;
96 
97  //! \}
98 
99 public:
100  //! \name Static Constant Options and Values of the B+ Tree
101  //! \{
102 
103  //! Base B+ tree parameter: The number of key/data slots in each leaf
104  static const unsigned short leaf_slotmax = btree_impl::leaf_slotmax;
105 
106  //! Base B+ tree parameter: The number of key slots in each inner node,
107  //! this can differ from slots in each leaf.
108  static const unsigned short inner_slotmax = btree_impl::inner_slotmax;
109 
110  //! Computed B+ tree parameter: The minimum number of key slots used in a
111  //! leaf. If fewer slots are used, the leaf will be merged or slots shifted
112  //! from it's siblings.
113  static const unsigned short leaf_slotmin = btree_impl::leaf_slotmin;
114 
115  //! Computed B+ tree parameter: The minimum number of key slots used
116  //! in an inner node. If fewer slots are used, the inner node will be
117  //! merged or slots shifted from it's siblings.
118  static const unsigned short inner_slotmin = btree_impl::inner_slotmin;
119 
120  //! Debug parameter: Enables expensive and thorough checking of the B+ tree
121  //! invariants after each insert/erase operation.
123 
124  //! Debug parameter: Prints out lots of debug information about how the
125  //! algorithms change the tree. Requires the header file to be compiled with
126  //! TLX_BTREE_DEBUG and the key type must be std::ostream printable.
127  static const bool debug = btree_impl::debug;
128 
129  //! Operational parameter: Allow duplicate keys in the btree.
131 
132  //! \}
133 
134 public:
135  //! \name Iterators and Reverse Iterators
136  //! \{
137 
138  //! STL-like iterator object for B+ tree items. The iterator points to a
139  //! specific slot number in a leaf.
140  typedef typename btree_impl::iterator iterator;
141 
142  //! STL-like iterator object for B+ tree items. The iterator points to a
143  //! specific slot number in a leaf.
144  typedef typename btree_impl::const_iterator const_iterator;
145 
146  //! create mutable reverse iterator by using STL magic
147  typedef typename btree_impl::reverse_iterator reverse_iterator;
148 
149  //! create constant reverse iterator by using STL magic
150  typedef typename btree_impl::const_reverse_iterator const_reverse_iterator;
151 
152  //! \}
153 
154 private:
155  //! \name Tree Implementation Object
156  //! \{
157 
158  //! The contained implementation object
159  btree_impl tree_;
160 
161  //! \}
162 
163 public:
164  //! \name Constructors and Destructor
165  //! \{
166 
167  //! Default constructor initializing an empty B+ tree with the standard key
168  //! comparison function
169  explicit btree_multiset(const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type())
170  : tree_(alloc)
171  { }
172 
173  //! Constructor initializing an empty B+ tree with a special key
174  //! comparison object
175  explicit btree_multiset(const key_compare& kcf,
176  const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type())
177  : tree_(kcf, alloc)
178  { }
179 
180  //! Constructor initializing a B+ tree with the range [first,last)
181  template <class InputIterator>
182  btree_multiset(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
183  const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type())
184  : tree_(alloc) {
185  insert(first, last);
186  }
187 
188  //! Constructor initializing a B+ tree with the range [first,last) and a
189  //! special key comparison object
190  template <class InputIterator>
191  btree_multiset(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
192  const key_compare& kcf,
193  const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type())
194  : tree_(kcf, alloc) {
195  insert(first, last);
196  }
197 
198  //! Frees up all used B+ tree memory pages
200  { }
201 
202  //! Fast swapping of two identical B+ tree objects.
203  void swap(btree_multiset& from) {
204  std::swap(tree_, from.tree_);
205  }
206 
207  //! \}
208 
209 public:
210  //! \name Key and Value Comparison Function Objects
211  //! \{
212 
213  //! Constant access to the key comparison object sorting the B+ tree
214  key_compare key_comp() const {
215  return tree_.key_comp();
216  }
217 
218  //! Constant access to a constructed value_type comparison object. Required
219  //! by the STL
220  value_compare value_comp() const {
221  return tree_.value_comp();
222  }
223 
224  //! \}
225 
226 public:
227  //! \name Allocators
228  //! \{
229 
230  //! Return the base node allocator provided during construction.
231  allocator_type get_allocator() const {
232  return tree_.get_allocator();
233  }
234 
235  //! \}
236 
237 public:
238  //! \name Fast Destruction of the B+ Tree
239  //! \{
240 
241  //! Frees all keys and all nodes of the tree
242  void clear() {
243  tree_.clear();
244  }
245 
246  //! \}
247 
248 public:
249  //! \name STL Iterator Construction Functions
250  //! \{
251 
252  //! Constructs a read/data-write iterator that points to the first slot in
253  //! the first leaf of the B+ tree.
254  iterator begin() {
255  return tree_.begin();
256  }
257 
258  //! Constructs a read/data-write iterator that points to the first invalid
259  //! slot in the last leaf of the B+ tree.
260  iterator end() {
261  return tree_.end();
262  }
263 
264  //! Constructs a read-only constant iterator that points to the first slot
265  //! in the first leaf of the B+ tree.
266  const_iterator begin() const {
267  return tree_.begin();
268  }
269 
270  //! Constructs a read-only constant iterator that points to the first
271  //! invalid slot in the last leaf of the B+ tree.
272  const_iterator end() const {
273  return tree_.end();
274  }
275 
276  //! Constructs a read/data-write reverse iterator that points to the first
277  //! invalid slot in the last leaf of the B+ tree. Uses STL magic.
278  reverse_iterator rbegin() {
279  return tree_.rbegin();
280  }
281 
282  //! Constructs a read/data-write reverse iterator that points to the first
283  //! slot in the first leaf of the B+ tree. Uses STL magic.
284  reverse_iterator rend() {
285  return tree_.rend();
286  }
287 
288  //! Constructs a read-only reverse iterator that points to the first
289  //! invalid slot in the last leaf of the B+ tree. Uses STL magic.
290  const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const {
291  return tree_.rbegin();
292  }
293 
294  //! Constructs a read-only reverse iterator that points to the first slot
295  //! in the first leaf of the B+ tree. Uses STL magic.
296  const_reverse_iterator rend() const {
297  return tree_.rend();
298  }
299 
300  //! \}
301 
302 public:
303  //! \name Access Functions to the Item Count
304  //! \{
305 
306  //! Return the number of keys in the B+ tree
307  size_type size() const {
308  return tree_.size();
309  }
310 
311  //! Returns true if there is at least one key in the B+ tree
312  bool empty() const {
313  return tree_.empty();
314  }
315 
316  //! Returns the largest possible size of the B+ Tree. This is just a
317  //! function required by the STL standard, the B+ Tree can hold more items.
318  size_type max_size() const {
319  return tree_.max_size();
320  }
321 
322  //! Return a const reference to the current statistics.
323  const tree_stats& get_stats() const {
324  return tree_.get_stats();
325  }
326 
327  //! \}
328 
329 public:
330  //! \name STL Access Functions Querying the Tree by Descending to a Leaf
331  //! \{
332 
333  //! Non-STL function checking whether a key is in the B+ tree. The same as
334  //! (find(k) != end()) or (count() != 0).
335  bool exists(const key_type& key) const {
336  return tree_.exists(key);
337  }
338 
339  //! Tries to locate a key in the B+ tree and returns an iterator to the key
340  //! slot if found. If unsuccessful it returns end().
341  iterator find(const key_type& key) {
342  return tree_.find(key);
343  }
344 
345  //! Tries to locate a key in the B+ tree and returns an constant iterator to
346  //! the key slot if found. If unsuccessful it returns end().
347  const_iterator find(const key_type& key) const {
348  return tree_.find(key);
349  }
350 
351  //! Tries to locate a key in the B+ tree and returns the number of identical
352  //! key entries found.
353  size_type count(const key_type& key) const {
354  return tree_.count(key);
355  }
356 
357  //! Searches the B+ tree and returns an iterator to the first pair equal to
358  //! or greater than key, or end() if all keys are smaller.
359  iterator lower_bound(const key_type& key) {
360  return tree_.lower_bound(key);
361  }
362 
363  //! Searches the B+ tree and returns a constant iterator to the first pair
364  //! equal to or greater than key, or end() if all keys are smaller.
365  const_iterator lower_bound(const key_type& key) const {
366  return tree_.lower_bound(key);
367  }
368 
369  //! Searches the B+ tree and returns an iterator to the first pair greater
370  //! than key, or end() if all keys are smaller or equal.
371  iterator upper_bound(const key_type& key) {
372  return tree_.upper_bound(key);
373  }
374 
375  //! Searches the B+ tree and returns a constant iterator to the first pair
376  //! greater than key, or end() if all keys are smaller or equal.
377  const_iterator upper_bound(const key_type& key) const {
378  return tree_.upper_bound(key);
379  }
380 
381  //! Searches the B+ tree and returns both lower_bound() and upper_bound().
382  std::pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const key_type& key) {
383  return tree_.equal_range(key);
384  }
385 
386  //! Searches the B+ tree and returns both lower_bound() and upper_bound().
387  std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> equal_range(
388  const key_type& key) const {
389  return tree_.equal_range(key);
390  }
391 
392  //! \}
393 
394 public:
395  //! \name B+ Tree Object Comparison Functions
396  //! \{
397 
398  //! Equality relation of B+ trees of the same type. B+ trees of the same
399  //! size and equal key (counts) are considered equal.
400  bool operator == (const btree_multiset& other) const {
401  return (tree_ == other.tree_);
402  }
403 
404  //! Inequality relation. Based on operator==.
405  bool operator != (const btree_multiset& other) const {
406  return (tree_ != other.tree_);
407  }
408 
409  //! Total ordering relation of B+ trees of the same type. It uses
410  //! std::lexicographical_compare() for the actual comparison of elements.
411  bool operator < (const btree_multiset& other) const {
412  return (tree_ < other.tree_);
413  }
414 
415  //! Greater relation. Based on operator<.
416  bool operator > (const btree_multiset& other) const {
417  return (tree_ > other.tree_);
418  }
419 
420  //! Less-equal relation. Based on operator<.
421  bool operator <= (const btree_multiset& other) const {
422  return (tree_ <= other.tree_);
423  }
424 
425  //! Greater-equal relation. Based on operator<.
426  bool operator >= (const btree_multiset& other) const {
427  return (tree_ >= other.tree_);
428  }
429 
430  //! \}
431 
432 public:
433  //! \name Fast Copy: Assign Operator and Copy Constructors
434  //! \{
435 
436  //! Assignment operator. All the keys are copied
438  if (this != &other)
439  tree_ = other.tree_;
440  return *this;
441  }
442 
443  //! Copy constructor. The newly initialized B+ tree object will contain a
444  //! copy of all keys.
446  : tree_(other.tree_)
447  { }
448 
449  //! \}
450 
451 public:
452  //! \name Public Insertion Functions
453  //! \{
454 
455  //! Attempt to insert a key into the B+ tree. As this set allows duplicates,
456  //! this function never fails.
457  iterator insert(const key_type& x) {
458  return tree_.insert(x).first;
459  }
460 
461  //! Attempt to insert a key into the B+ tree. The iterator hint is currently
462  //! ignored by the B+ tree insertion routine.
463  iterator insert(iterator hint, const key_type& x) {
464  return tree_.insert(hint, x);
465  }
466 
467  //! Attempt to insert the range [first,last) of key_type into the B+
468  //! tree. Each key is inserted individually.
469  template <typename InputIterator>
470  void insert(InputIterator first, InputIterator last) {
471  InputIterator iter = first;
472  while (iter != last)
473  {
474  insert(*iter);
475  ++iter;
476  }
477  }
478 
479  //! Bulk load a sorted range [first,last). Loads items into leaves and
480  //! constructs a B-tree above them. The tree must be empty when calling this
481  //! function.
482  template <typename Iterator>
483  void bulk_load(Iterator first, Iterator last) {
484  return tree_.bulk_load(first, last);
485  }
486 
487  //! \}
488 
489 public:
490  //! \name Public Erase Functions
491  //! \{
492 
493  //! Erases one (the first) entry of the given key.
494  bool erase_one(const key_type& key) {
495  return tree_.erase_one(key);
496  }
497 
498  //! Erases all the entries of the given key. This is implemented using
499  //! erase_one() and thus not very efficient.
500  size_type erase(const key_type& key) {
501  return tree_.erase(key);
502  }
503 
504  //! Erase the key/data pair referenced by the iterator.
505  void erase(iterator iter) {
506  return tree_.erase(iter);
507  }
508 
509 #ifdef TLX_BTREE_TODO
510  //! Erase all keys in the range [first,last). This function is currently
511  //! not implemented by the B+ Tree.
512  void erase(iterator /* first */, iterator /* last */) {
513  abort();
514  }
515 #endif
516 
517  //! \}
518 
519 #ifdef TLX_BTREE_DEBUG
520 
521 public:
522  //! \name Debug Printing
523  //! \{
524 
525  //! Print out the B+ tree structure with keys onto the given ostream. This
526  //! function requires that the header is compiled with TLX_BTREE_DEBUG and
527  //! that key_type is printable via std::ostream.
528  void print(std::ostream& os) const {
529  tree_.print(os);
530  }
531 
532  //! Print out only the leaves via the double linked list.
533  void print_leaves(std::ostream& os) const {
534  tree_.print_leaves(os);
535  }
536 
537  //! \}
538 #endif
539 
540 public:
541  //! \name Verification of B+ Tree Invariants
542  //! \{
543 
544  //! Run a thorough verification of all B+ tree invariants. The program
545  //! aborts via TLX_BTREE_ASSERT() if something is wrong.
546  void verify() const {
547  tree_.verify();
548  }
549 
550  //! \}
551 };
552 
553 //! \}
554 
555 } // namespace tlx
556 
557 #endif // !TLX_CONTAINER_BTREE_MULTISET_HEADER
558 
559 /******************************************************************************/
bool operator<=(const btree_multiset &other) const
Less-equal relation. Based on operator<.
Specialized B+ tree template class implementing STL&#39;s multiset container.
iterator begin()
Definition: btree.hpp:1341
iterator find(const key_type &key)
Definition: btree.hpp:1542
std::pair< iterator, iterator > equal_range(const key_type &key)
Searches the B+ tree and returns both lower_bound() and upper_bound().
Definition: btree.hpp:1695
key_compare key_comp() const
Constant access to the key comparison object sorting the B+ tree.
Definition: btree.hpp:1183
static const unsigned short leaf_slotmax
Base B+ tree parameter: The number of key/data slots in each leaf.
size_type count(const key_type &key) const
Compare_ key_compare
Second template parameter: Key comparison function object.
const_iterator lower_bound(const key_type &key) const
btree_impl::tree_stats tree_stats
Small structure containing statistics about the tree.
bool erase_one(const key_type &key)
Definition: btree.hpp:2368
reverse_iterator rbegin()
btree_multiset(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const key_compare &kcf, const allocator_type &alloc=allocator_type())
iterator find(const key_type &key)
bool operator!=(const btree_multiset &other) const
Inequality relation. Based on operator==.
btree_impl tree_
The contained implementation object.
const_iterator begin() const
BTree< key_type, value_type, key_of_value, key_compare, traits, true, allocator_type > btree_impl
Implementation type of the btree_base.
key_type value_type
Construct the set value_type: the key_type.
const struct tree_stats & get_stats() const
Return a const reference to the current statistics.
Definition: btree.hpp:1510
bool empty() const
Returns true if there is at least one key in the B+ tree.
size_type max_size() const
btree_multiset(const key_compare &kcf, const allocator_type &alloc=allocator_type())
value_compare value_comp() const
void bulk_load(Iterator first, Iterator last)
static const bool allow_duplicates
Operational parameter: Allow duplicate keys in the btree.
const tree_stats & get_stats() const
Return a const reference to the current statistics.
size_type size() const
Return the number of keys in the B+ tree.
void bulk_load(Iterator ibegin, Iterator iend)
Definition: btree.hpp:2155
btree_impl::value_compare value_compare
Function class comparing two value_type keys.
void clear()
Frees all key/data pairs and all nodes of the tree.
Definition: btree.hpp:1294
Alloc_ allocator_type
Fourth template parameter: STL allocator.
reverse_iterator rend()
Definition: btree.hpp:1371
allocator_type get_allocator() const
Return the base node allocator provided during construction.
size_type size() const
Return the number of key/data pairs in the B+ tree.
Definition: btree.hpp:1494
reverse_iterator rbegin()
Definition: btree.hpp:1365
static const bool debug
iterator insert(const key_type &x)
static const unsigned short inner_slotmax
bool erase_one(const key_type &key)
Erases one (the first) entry of the given key.
iterator lower_bound(const key_type &key)
void verify() const
Definition: btree.hpp:3541
~btree_multiset()
Frees up all used B+ tree memory pages.
void swap(CountingPtr< A, D > &a1, CountingPtr< A, D > &a2) noexcept
size_type max_size() const
Definition: btree.hpp:1505
list x
Definition: gen_data.py:39
btree_multiset(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const allocator_type &alloc=allocator_type())
Constructor initializing a B+ tree with the range [first,last)
btree_impl::iterator iterator
iterator end()
Definition: btree.hpp:1347
bool operator>(const btree_multiset &other) const
Greater relation. Based on operator<.
btree_impl::reverse_iterator reverse_iterator
create mutable reverse iterator by using STL magic
static const unsigned short leaf_slotmax
Base B+ tree parameter: The number of key/data slots in each leaf.
Definition: btree.hpp:180
bool exists(const key_type &key) const
Definition: btree.hpp:1522
void clear()
Frees all keys and all nodes of the tree.
static const unsigned short leaf_slotmin
btree_multiset & operator=(const btree_multiset &other)
Assignment operator. All the keys are copied.
static const bool self_verify
btree_impl::size_type size_type
Size type used to count keys.
const_iterator upper_bound(const key_type &key) const
Basic class implementing a B+ tree data structure in memory.
Definition: btree.hpp:124
iterator upper_bound(const key_type &key)
Definition: btree.hpp:1656
bool empty() const
Returns true if there is at least one key/data pair in the B+ tree.
Definition: btree.hpp:1499
btree_impl::const_reverse_iterator const_reverse_iterator
create constant reverse iterator by using STL magic
allocator_type get_allocator() const
Return the base node allocator provided during construction.
Definition: btree.hpp:1232
size_type count(const key_type &key) const
Definition: btree.hpp:1584
btree_impl::const_iterator const_iterator
std::pair< const_iterator, const_iterator > equal_range(const key_type &key) const
Searches the B+ tree and returns both lower_bound() and upper_bound().
std::pair< iterator, iterator > equal_range(const key_type &key)
Searches the B+ tree and returns both lower_bound() and upper_bound().
std::pair< iterator, bool > insert(const value_type &x)
Definition: btree.hpp:1846
value_compare value_comp() const
Definition: btree.hpp:1189
reverse_iterator rend()
btree_multiset(const allocator_type &alloc=allocator_type())
bool exists(const key_type &key) const
void erase(iterator iter)
Erase the key/data pair referenced by the iterator.
static const unsigned short inner_slotmin
size_type erase(const key_type &key)
Definition: btree.hpp:2392
iterator lower_bound(const key_type &key)
Definition: btree.hpp:1616
const_iterator find(const key_type &key) const
const_iterator end() const
key_compare key_comp() const
Constant access to the key comparison object sorting the B+ tree.
bool operator>=(const btree_multiset &other) const
Greater-equal relation. Based on operator<.
iterator insert(iterator hint, const key_type &x)
const_reverse_iterator rend() const
const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const
void swap(btree_multiset &from)
Fast swapping of two identical B+ tree objects.
void insert(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
bool operator<(const btree_multiset &other) const
iterator upper_bound(const key_type &key)
btree_multiset(const btree_multiset &other)
size_type erase(const key_type &key)
bool operator==(const btree_multiset &other) const